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Cyclone Tini was a European windstorm that affected Western Europe, particularly Ireland and the United Kingdom on 12 February 2014. The storm was also named storm Darwin especially in Ireland, to commemorate the 205 anniversary of the birth of Charles Darwin on 12 February 1809. The storm brought Hurricane force winds to the UK and Ireland with the Met Office and Met Eireann describing the storm as one of the most significant to affect Ireland, Wales and North West England in recent decades. Tini was one of the strongest storms of the 2013–2014 Atlantic winter storms in Europe, and also brought heavy rain across the UK and Ireland exacerbating the 2013–2014 United Kingdom winter floods. ==Meteorological history== Tini/Darwin formed over the eastern USA on 10 February, before undergoing Explosive cyclogenesis as it moved across the Atlantic under the influence of a strong Jet stream during 11 February which stretched from the eastern USA to Central Europe.〔 The storm developed as it moved eastward over the North Atlantic reaching a low pressure nadir of 952 hPa to the west of Slyne Head county Galway.〔 The storm developed according to the Shapiro-Keyser model, displaying frontal fracture.〔 The storm developed a Sting jet. Tini brought hurricane force winds to areas of Ireland, Wales and England,〔 and brought some high rainfall totals over the UK and Ireland. Tini's cyclone centre shifted over Scotland to North Sea on 13 February, splitting into two as the main area continued to the Norwegian sea where it filled, thea second (named Tini II by the Free University of Berlin),〔 developed over northern France. Tini II passed over Brandenburg and Poland into the Baltic Sea before being absorbed by the following area of low pressure (named Ulli) on 15 February before moving across Russia to the Ural Mountains.〔 The Tini II low reached a nadir of 992 hPa 13 on February over Saxony Anhalt, with peak winds reported in southwest Germany in Baden-Württemberg over exposed mountains and coasts, reaching gust speeds up to at Mindelheim Alpine Lodge. Wind gusts at lower stations reached at Dollenberg in the Black Forest. ===Historical context=== Tini was the strongest in a series of stormy low pressure areas which formed in February 2014, following storms (named by the Free University of Berlin) Nadja, Petra, Qumaira, Ruth and Stephanie, and was the last before Ulli, which struck the UK on Valentine's Day. The Tini storm was the strongest of those seen in February,.〔 which generally peaked in the mid-Atlantic and brought wet conditions to NW Europe rather than high winds. This period is probably the stormiest in the region since the 1990 Atlantic winter storms in Europe. Met Eireann considered the Tini/Darwin storm exceptional though not without precedent in Ireland.〔 Hurricane Debbie of 1961 was more violent in the country (with maximum gusts between 70 and 85 knots generally, with a maximum of reported in northwest Ireland.)〔 Shannon Airport reported a 10-minute mean wind speed of during Tini, the highest value seen since recording at the site began in 1945.〔 More recently the Boxing Day Storm of 26 December 1998 and the Christmas Eve Storm (Yuma) on 24 December 1997 were also of greater intensity in Ireland,〔 with the Tini storm ranking behind these and the Night of the Big Wind of 6–7 January 1839 in Ireland.〔 Other high impact storms in Ireland include those such as that of 26–27 February 1903 and 11–12 January 1974 (where the strongest ever sea level gust in Ireland, at exactly , was recorded in Kilkeel, County Down).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/weather-events/Jan1974_Storm.pdf )〕 The UK Met Office described the Tini storm as one of the most significant to affect North Wales and North West England in recent decades. Tini was the first red "danger to life warning" for wind issued by the Met Office in the UK since January 2012 when Cyclone Ulli affected Scotland.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cyclone Tini」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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